Countries sign treaty to create the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)

Portugal joined the group of founding countries of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). On March 12, in Rome, a treaty was signed establishing the intergovernmental organization that will create what will be the largest radio telescope in the world.

Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United Kingdom are also part of the group of founding member countries, which will be joined by India and Sweden, who participated in the multilateral negotiations that lasted three and a half years but are still completing internal processes before signing the treaty.

The SKA will be the largest scientific facility on the planet and the second largest intergovernmental organization dedicated to astronomy in the world, after the European Southern Observatory (ESO). With infrastructure spread across three continents in both hemispheres, it will consist of two complexes with hundreds of dishes and thousands of antennas, spread over hundreds of kilometers in Australia and South Africa, and headquartered in the United Kingdom. 

The Observatory will help fill gaps in our understanding of the Universe, enabling astronomers from participating countries to study gravitational waves and test Einstein's theory of relativity in extreme environments, improve our understanding of the evolution of the Universe over billions of years, map hundreds of millions of galaxies, and search for signs of life in the Universe.

Over the past five years, more than 1,000 engineers and scientists from 20 countries have been involved in designing the SKA, with new research programs, training initiatives, and collaborations in various countries to train the next generation of scientists and engineers.

From the end of 2020, through the construction of SKA, more than €700 million in contracts will begin to be awarded to companies and suppliers in member countries, providing a substantial return on their investment in the project. 

Portugal participates in SKA through the Enabling Green E-Science for Square Kilometer Array infrastructure. ENGAGE SKA has been identified as a high priority in the FCT's Roadmap for Research Infrastructures of Strategic Interest, and provides for the testing of prototypes for SKA on Portuguese territory and scientific and industrial participation in SKA.